WAFERS

A wafer (also known as a "slice" or "substrate") is a thin piece of semiconductor material, usually crystalline silicon, in the shape of a very thin disc that is used as a base for fabricating electronic integrated circuits (ICs) and silicon-based photovoltaic cells. The wafer serves as the substrate for most microelectronic circuits and goes through many processes, such as doping, implantation and etching, before the final product of an integrated circuit is completed.